Hardness Removal Essay Example for Free

Hardness Removal Essay 88%. Total Hardness Percentage Removal = 100-84328*100=74. 39 % Calcium Percentage Removal = 100-59296*100=80. 06% Magnesium Percentage Removal = 100-2532*100=21. 88% ) How close did the treatment process come to reaching the practical limits of hardness reduction? Hardness removal limits were not achieved. Calcium was reduced to a concentration of 59 mg/L versus the limit of 30 mg/L. And in the case of Magnesium the concentration was reduced to 25mg/L versus the limit of 10mg/L. Calcium percent difference: 30-5930=96. 66% (Absolute value) Magnesium percent difference: 10-2510=150% (Absolute value) 4) How many metric tons of Ca(OH)2 and NaCO3 are necessary to process 59 million gallons of water per day based on the calculations of 1. a. and 1. b.? To run this water softening technique in a water plant processing 59 million gallons per day it would require 51 tons of Ca(OH)2 and 33 tons of NaCO3 2. 27*10-4kgL*223. 02*106L*(ton1000 kg)=51 tons of CaOH2 per day 1. 48*10-4kgL*223. 02*106L*(ton1000 kg)=33 tons of NaCO3 per day Discussion Hard water is an issue for industries that rely on large amounts of water to operate. Hardness generated by elements such as calcium and magnesium cat ions produce scum in pipes and with many industrial chemicals reduces their overall effectiveness. That is why it is important to have economic and reliable ways of reducing water hardness in large scales. The particular method used in this experiment was lime soda softening. It has to be noted that this particular procedure only works for water that has an initial pH level lower than 8. Based on stoichiometry and the addition rules according to Nazaroff and Alvarez-Cohen we are able to find what concentration of Ca(OH)2 and NaCO3 are needed to remove hardness from the water. Based on our results the softening of the water was a success. Initial total hardness was recorded at 328 mg/L, after softening the concentration was found to be 84 mg/L. Looking individually at the reduction of calcium and magnesium the concentration was reduced from 296 mg/L to 59 mg/L and 32 mg/L to 25 mg/L respectively. Even though a large amount of the hardness was removed from the water it was nowhere near the practical limit levels. This can be attributed to the fact that the reactions that dictate hardness removal suffer from diminishing returns. Sources of error in this lab can be attributed to the fact that the sample water was only allowed to precipitate for 15 minutes instead of the 20 that was required as stated by the procedure.

Friendship Essay: My Best Friends Funeral -- friendship essay, my best

I never thought that I would ever had to attend to a funeral of a close friend. Aaron Smith was only 18 years old and passed away from a tragic automobile accident. He was always a really happy guy and had the biggest smile there could ever be, his smile would make anyone get cheered up. He was about 5 foot 9 inches, light brown skin, and he had a thick body, and black hair. Aaron would always help out a friend in need, even though he had trouble with his divorced parents he wouldn’t let that get him down. His mother and sisters live in Stockton, California and his father lives in Royal City, Washington so Aaron would always be traveling from California to Washington state. That made it hard on him trying to be with both families, but his favorite place to reside was Royal City because he had all of us as friends we gave him all the love that he needed to be comfortable living without his mom and sisters. So this is were the story begins. I remember November 13, 2006 like it were yesterday I was very excited because we had just moved in to a new house it wasn‘t in Royal city but it was only 30 minutes away. Our new house had three bed rooms, three bathrooms, two living rooms, and the best part of all a big swimming pool with a slide and a diving board! It was one of the most exciting days of my life, even tough we had tons of boxes to un pack it was all good. My bedroom was outside of the actual house it was the guest room but I claimed it as my room it was perfect. That day I was with my boyfriend who was also very close to Aaron, we were watching a scary movie and it was about 8Pm and Ray (my boyfriend) had a really weird feeling like he had to leave back to Royal as soon as possible ... ...ood-bye. We were all just hanging out in the room until it was all over. From Moses Lake Aaron had a last trip he was going to be buried in California we all knew that Aaron would have rather be in Royal City but his mom thought otherwise. To some up this awful story we finally left the funeral house, and everyone left back to Royal City. To all of us it was a nightmare come true to lose a close friend but now that I think about it he is in a better place not having to decide between mom or dad, California or Washington. This funeral was the worst thing that could happen to me, I lost a good friend and I would never get to see him again. When I think about him now days I look at it like if he were in California and that I will see him eventually. I dream about him once in a while and I know he’s dead but in my dream it makes me happy to see him and talk to him.

Government Spying Essay

Austin Bryan Period-1 http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/2006/intell-060101-voa01.htm In some instances, governments believe that it is okay to spy on their citizens in order to preserve their freedom. I personally find this concept to be absurd. Living in a country that’s history is founded upon freedom of its citizens, and escaping oppression of tyrant governments, leaves me very skeptical on this concept. I believe that if the government is spying on its citizens it is actually taking away their freedom rather than preserving it. Living in an era of increasing technology has made it much easier for a government to spy on its citizens. Because of this, it has become a problem in many places around the world. Think about back in elementary school when you had pen pals from other countries. How would you feel if the government was able to intrude on your personal life just because you made contact abroad? For us in America, a government spying on its citizens sounds pretty crazy right? In 2006 president Bush did just that by enabling a â€Å"Government Phone Tap†. President Bush thought in order to preserve citizen’s freedoms that is was justified to tap into people’s phones and emails. The only people that were supposed to be the recipients of phone tapings where those who were making calls abroad, particularly to suspected al-Qaida connections. Not only is this a complete violation of peoples constitutional rights and privacy, but Bush also neglected the need for a warrant in this instance. To this day many immigrants from other countries come to America seeking asylum from oppressive governments. America is supposed to be a safe haven where people’s rights and privacy are protected under the constitution. Acts of government espionage upon its own citizens like this are completely unacceptable. I believe that the only way from a government to protect its citizen’s freedom is to respect everyone’s freedom regardless of circumstances.

Should Street Gangs Be Considered Terrorist Organizations

Should Street Gangs be Considered Terrorist Organizations? Terror, violence, and death are the common denominators in our society nowadays. Why? Because of street gang fights. Innocent people have been killed as a result of street gangs. These groups of criminals use violence against societies and band together for mutual protection and profit. Street gangs are gangsters controlling, attacking, and killing people on the streets, as a result, they are one of the biggest social problems around the world. According to the definition of terrorism in Dictionary.com, it is the unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies.†¦show more content†¦Something similar is happening with terrorism in Peru because the MRTA (terrorist group) destroys communities around the country. Unfortunately, Peru faces two types of violence: street gangs and terrorism, but both of them with the same criminal purpose: to terrorize and create violence among Peruvian citizens. The third reason to consider street gangs as terrorist organizations is because gangs minimize the quality of life of any country. Two important characteristics define quality of life: psychical and psychological. An example of diminishing of these aspects is the country of Guatemala. For the past 10 years, street gangs in Guatemala have been on the rise. According to Power Blogger, the street gangs have power of corruption over the police forces and the government, paying them large amounts of money to be permitted to do whatever they want. The blog also states that this type of political corruption is what keeps Guatemala moving on economically. Some people believe there are corrupted police members who ask them for money instead of putting them in jail. The reality is that if no one can stop the corruption, they might end up governing the country soon. For example in Guatemala schools, little kids learn how to cheat, they don’t want to study anymore, and they prefer to cheat copying their tests or paying someone to do so. The Ministry of Governance estimates that there are currently 175,000 street gang membersShow MoreRelatedEssay on Domestic Terrorism1651 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Terrorism National terrorism has been the focus of attention since September 11. But now domestic terrorism is becoming increasingly common among hate groups across the nation. Domestic terrorism can be defined as visible crime, or â€Å"street crime.† These acts would consist of violent crimes, (acts against people in which injury or death results) property crimes (acts that threaten property held by individuals or the state) and public order crimes. 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